Which type of reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus?

Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior occurring in the future. In this type of reinforcement, a specific behavior results in the avoidance or elimination of something unfavorable, thereby reinforcing that behavior. For example, if a student studies hard to avoid the stress of failing an exam, the act of studying is negatively reinforced by the removal of that anxiety.

Positive reinforcement, on the other hand, involves presenting a favorable stimulus after a desired behavior, encouraging its repetition. Punishment aims to reduce a behavior by introducing an unpleasant consequence. Extinction refers to the diminishing of a behavior when it is no longer reinforced. Thus, negative reinforcement specifically focuses on enhancing behavior by taking away an aversive condition.