Which of the following is a key component of behaviorism?

Behaviorism is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the importance of observable behaviors over internal mental states. The key component of this approach is its focus on how external stimuli in the environment can shape and influence behavior. Behaviorists argue that since behaviors can be seen and measured, they should be the primary subject of study in psychology. This perspective downplays the significance of internal mental processes, such as thoughts and emotions, which are not directly observable.

The emphasis on observable behaviors and external stimuli allows behaviorists to formulate and test hypotheses in a more scientific manner, often employing techniques such as conditioning to understand how behaviors are learned and modified. This approach has been influential in areas such as education, therapy, and animal training, where modifying behavior is a primary goal.

In contrast, the other answer choices focus on aspects that are not central to behaviorism. Genetic influences, unconscious processes, and internal thoughts and feelings pertain more to other psychological perspectives, such as biological psychology or psychoanalysis, which delve into the complexities of the mind rather than strictly analyzing observable actions. Thus, the emphasis on observable behaviors and external stimuli distinctly characterizes behaviorism, making it the correct response.