What does the term 'self-actualization' refer to in psychology?

Self-actualization is a concept primarily associated with humanistic psychology, particularly in the work of Abraham Maslow. It refers to the process of realizing and fulfilling one’s own potential, capabilities, and creativity. This is seen as the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, where an individual strives to achieve personal growth and peak experiences, ultimately becoming the person they are capable of being.

In this context, self-actualization encompasses the pursuit of personal goals, self-discipline, and the realization of one’s unique abilities. It involves the insights gained from experiences, the expression of creativity, and the attainment of a deep sense of fulfillment and meaning in life. It is not simply about reaching external success, but about achieving authenticity and true self-alignment with one's values and potential.

While other choices relate to aspects of personal development or social interaction, they do not encapsulate the core idea of self-actualization as defined by Maslow. The recognition of limitations pertains to self-awareness rather than self-fulfillment, deep connection with others focuses on interpersonal relationships rather than personal growth, and establishing cultural foundations relates more to community and heritage than to personal potential.