What are the three components of memory?

The correct answer highlights the three essential components of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval.

To explain further, encoding is the initial process of transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored in the brain. This can involve converting information into a format that our memory system can understand, such as through visual imagery or verbalization.

Storage refers to the maintenance of information over time. This can occur in either short-term memory, where information is held temporarily, or long-term memory, where information can be preserved for extended periods, potentially for a lifetime.

Retrieval is the process of accessing and bringing stored information back into conscious awareness. This can occur when recalling information or recognizing it when presented with a cue.

In contrast, the other options focus on different skill sets or processes that do not encapsulate the fundamental operations inherent to memory itself. For example, reading, writing, and speaking are primarily modes of language and communication rather than memory processes. Similarly, listening, comprehending, and retaining pertain more to the domain of learning rather than the stages of memory. Lastly, attention, reaction, and reflection describe a sequence of cognitive processes in responding to stimuli but do not specifically address how memory functions.

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