Define the term "schema" in cognitive psychology.

The term "schema" in cognitive psychology refers to a mental structure that organizes knowledge and expectations about the world. This includes frameworks that help individuals understand and interpret information based on their past experiences and knowledge. Schemas play a crucial role in processing new information, as they allow for quicker understanding and response by categorizing experiences into organized structures.

For example, a child's schema for "dog" might include characteristics such as being furry, having four legs, and being friendly. When the child sees a new dog for the first time, they can quickly relate it to their existing schema, helping them to recognize it as a dog based on their previous encounters and understanding.

Schemas are fundamental for helping people navigate everyday situations and interpret their surroundings efficiently, making them an essential concept in cognitive psychology.